Classicism, as a stylistic period in Western music, roughly encompassed the years ________. | 1750-1820 |
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and ________ were two of the more important preclassical composers. | Johann Christian Bach |
True or false? Composers in the classical period continued to use terraced dynamics in their compositions. | False |
True or false? Classical music is basically polyphonic. | not typical |
True or false? The basso continuo was the nucleus of the instrumental ensemble. | false |
What did the typical orchestra of the classical period consist of? | Strings, woodwinds, horns, trumpets, and timpani |
Political and economic power shifted to the middle class from the aristocracy and the ________. | church |
In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by ________. | folk and popular music |
The prospering middle class in the classical period sought aristocratic luxuries such as ________. | theater, music, literature |
Joseph Haydn was content to spend most of his life as what? | An employee of a wealthy aristocratic family |
Vienna, when Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were active, ________. | -had population of almost 250,00 -was the fourth-largest city in europe -was the seat of the holy roman empire |
Composers in the classical period took middle-class tastes into account by doing what? | -Writing dance music for public balls -Flavoring their serious compositions with folk and popular music -Writing comic operas that sometimes ridiculed the aristocracy |
In the classical period, comic operas sometimes ________. | ridiculed the aristocracy |
Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ________ movement of a multimovement work. | first, final fast, slow |
Which of the following is not part of a sonata form movement? Development, exposition. rondo, recapitulation | rondo |
Sonata form consists of three main sections: exposition, development, and ________. | recapitulation |
In the exposition of a sonata-form movement, what happens? | The second theme is in a new key. |
At the end of a classical exposition there usually is a ________. | repeat sign |
A feeling of harmonic tension and forward motion is created in the exposition of a sonata form movement by ________. | the conflict of tonalities between the first and second themes |
How should the sonata form be viewed as? | A set of principles that serve to shape and unify contrasts of theme and key |
Each successive variation in a theme with variations ________. | retains some elements of the theme |
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as ________. | AA’A”A”’A”” |
The ________ movement of Haydn’s Surprise Symphony is in theme-and-variations form. | second |
The minuet-and-trio movement of a classical symphony, string quartet, or other work, is in ________ form. | ABA |
The movement of a symphony that is often patterned after a dance is the ________. | third |
The character of the minuet is best described as ________. | stately and dignified |
The minuet is in ________ meter. | triple |
The scherzo differs from the minuet in that it ________. | moves more quickly |
A ________ is a musical composition that is usually light in mood, and meant for evening entertainment. | serenade |
When performers encounter the phrase, da capo, they ________. | return to the beginning of the piece and repeat the music |
The rondo may be schematically outlined as ________. | ABACABA |
The main theme in a rondo movement is usually ________. | lively, pleasing, and simple to remember |
The sonata-rondo ________. | -may be outlined as ABA-development section-ABA -usually has a lively, pleasing, and simple to remember theme -combines rondo form with elements of sonata form |
What is a symphony? | -A musical composition for orchestra, usually in four movements -An extended, ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra -A work typically lasting between 20 and 45 minutes |
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is ________. | fast, slow, dance-related, fast |
The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast, and in ________ form. | sonata |
The last movement of a classical symphony ________. | -is usually fast, lively, and brilliant, but somewhat lighter in mood than the opening movement -is always in the tonic key of the symphony -is most often in sonata or sonata-rondo form |
A classical concerto usually lasts around ________. | 20 to 45 minutes |
A classical concerto is a three-movement work for ________. | instrumental soloist and orchestra |
The favored solo instrument in the classical concerto was the ________. | piano |
What is the essence of a classical concerto? | Interplay between a soloist and the orchestra |
A classical concerto greatly relies on a soloist’s ________. | virtuosity |
A brilliant solo section in a concerto designed to display the performer’s virtuosity is called ________. | a cadenza |
Classical chamber music is designed ________. | for the intimate setting of a small room |
The most important form of classical chamber music is the ________. | string quartet |
The classical string quartet is a musical composition for ________. | two violins, viola, and cello |
The piano trio is a musical composition for ________. | violin, cello, and piano |
Haydn was fortunate in having a long and fruitful, as well as financially stable, relationship with the noble Hungarian family of ________. | Esterházy |
Although Haydn spent most of his time in Hungary, he often traveled to ________, where his music was performed often and greatly admired. | London |
Haydn was a prolific composer, as demonstrated in part by his 68 string quartets and 104 ________. | symphonies |
Mozart was born in ________. | Salzburg, Austria |
By the age of six, Mozart could ________. | -read music perfectly at sight -improvise fugues and write minuets -play the harpsichord and violin |
Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart ________. | was continually on tour in England and Europe |
Mozart composed his Requiem ________. | on commission from a stranger |
Mozart’s Requiem was ________. | finished by one of his pupils |
Which of the following is not one of Mozart’s three masterpieces of Italian opera? | Orfeo |
Don Giovanni, in Mozart’s opera of that name, is ________. | the legendary Spanish lover |
Mozart’s Symphony No. 40 ________. | featured an emotional intensity uncommon for the time |
The Third Symphony of Beethoven was originally composed to commemorate the deeds of ________ as the embodiment of heroism and democratic ideals. | Napoleon Bonaparte |
We have a record of Beethoven’s struggle with his musical material because he did what? | Showed his workflow in musical sketchbooks |
Beethoven’s late works, composed after he was totally deaf, include ________. | -String quartets -The Ninth Symphony -Missa solemnis |
What following technique did Beethoven use more extensively in his late works? | Fugal counterpoint |
Beethoven is often credited as being ________. | the bridge between the classical and romantic periods |
Beethoven’s only opera is entitled ________. | Fidelio |
Beethoven, in comparison with earlier composers, was far more extensive and explicit in marking ________ in his scores. | -expressive indications -tempos -dynamics |
Beethoven greatly expanded the ________ section of the sonata-form movement and made it more dramatic. |